細節 西漢 玉劍飾器壹組四件Sword slide: 4 3/4 in. (12 cm.) long, box 來源 金華堂舊藏，1999年購於香港 拍品專文 SWORD FITTINGS Sword fittings are jade fittings made for swords used by high ranking nobilities. From excavated materials it appears that as early as the Western Zhou period jade was used on swords, but only as sword handles. In late Warring States period, the set of jade pommel, guard, slide and chape developed as adornment for swords, and became widely used in the Han Dynasty. As lapidary in the Han Dynasty was highly developed, the sword fittings on the basis of Warring States examples became more intricate in design, more inventive in decoration and more refined in their finishing, making them visually more dynamic. Apart from the animal masks, cloud scrolls and grain patterns, the use of high relief pierced design depicting chilong dragons is the most distinctive feature of this period. The four sword fittings of Han Dynasty have the following characteristics: 1. Sword pommels: mostly in disc shape, the underside either plain or decorated with incised silkworm pattern or cloud scrolls, and pierced with attachment hole and carved with a groove; the main side often carved with high-relief chilong, breaking with the traditional geometric pattern often seen on Warring States examples; they are often larger than the Warring States examples, since the iron swords popular in the Han Dynasty are larger and longer than the bronze swords of the Warring States period. 2. Sword guards: very distinctively decorated with a ridge in the centre making a rhombus-shaped cross section; the central aperture can be of rectangular, oval or rhombus shape; the decorations vary, sometimes with an animal mask on one side and cloud scrolls on the other; sometimes chilong in relief on one side and geometric pattern on the other; sometimes both sides are carved with the same decoration, but can also be completely plain. 3. Sword slide: mostly of rectangular shape, wider and longer than the Warring States examples, and richer in decorative techniques. It is often completely covered in fine grain, cloud or rush-mat patterns, sometimes with an added animal mask on one end; sometimes they are carved with one or two chilong in either incised, shallow relief or pierced high relief decoration. 4. Sword chape: of olive-nut-shaped cross section, normally with attachment holes on the side joining the sheath, some with a single circular perforation, others with three holes in a line – the central larger one drilled perpendicularly, while the two smaller on the sides drilled diagonally to connect with the central hole. The straight view is normally trapezoidal in form with slightly curved sides, and decorated with various patterns – animal masks and cloud scrolls in the early period, and relief carving of chilong, dragons or phoenixes etc. in the late period. The form might vary according to the jade material. 業務規定来源1: 此組「金華堂」舊藏玉劍飾器，「劍首」呈圓餅形，外環為略呈不規則排列突起的乳丁紋，中央則為狀如漩渦般旋轉的勾連雲紋，於雲氣流轉中心刻一四角星形紋飾，頗具道家鴻濛之意。「劍格」器身中部凸出一脊如鼻樑，向兩邊伸展出濃眉、圓眼、張鼻的獸面紋，獸面兩旁則飾以對稱的勾連雲紋及捲雲紋。長條形的「劍璏」，取一端飾一獸面紋，眉、眼、鼻皆十分具象，中央一直線貫穿器身，向左右兩旁以規整的捲雲紋、勾連雲紋延展出獸身及獸尾。此組劍飾器之「劍珌」長達9公分，碩大尺寸在同類器形中極為鮮見，由此可窺見持劍主人之高貴身分；全器呈長梯形，中腰略收，中間凸起，兩側漸薄，截面呈橢圓形；器身四周以細線框出外沿，框內雕琢一獸面紋，眉、眼、足、尾細膩清晰，以滿佈器身之勾連雲紋、捲雲紋體現出恢弘大器的氣象。 廣州南越王墓出土不少珍貴的玉劍飾，可資比較，見《南越王墓玉器》，香港，1991年，圖版68至92號。来源2: 劍飾器＜劍飾器＞，為中國古代玉具佩劍上以玉為裝飾的構件，為 地位較高的貴族使用。從現有考古出土資料來看，玉、劍結 合物早在西周時期就已出現，但只有玉劍柄，到了戰國晚 期，飾於劍身的玉劍首、玉劍格及飾於劍鞘的玉、玉珌四 樣俱全的玉具劍飾器逐漸形成，至漢代達到極盛。由於漢代玉器製作工藝技術高度發展，玉劍飾在承襲戰國風 格的基礎上，造型結構更加精巧，圖案紋飾更加新穎，邊角 碾磨更加圓潤，整體視覺充滿動感。器面除琢飾獸面、雲 紋、穀紋外，尤以運用鏤空工藝表現高浮雕的蟠螭形象最具特色。漢代四樣玉劍飾器的特徵略述如下：1. 劍首： 多為圓餅形，背面多素或陰刻裝飾紋，紋飾以 臥蠶紋和勾雲紋為主， 並有穿孔和溝槽。 正面則突破了戰國時僅有的幾何形圖紋， 常飾以高浮雕蟠螭紋。漢代鐵劍盛行， 比戰國銅劍長大， 因此劍首也比戰國時期略 大一些。2. 劍格： 裝飾趣味極為鮮明，在器身中部逐漸凸起一脊如鼻 樑，俯視如菱形狀，具有立體感，中間穿孔有長方、 橢圓、菱形狀等。裝飾方面亦頗多元，有的一面飾 獸面紋，一面飾捲雲紋，有的一面浮雕一螭，另一 面飾幾何紋，有的兩面均飾相同的紋飾，或整體光 素無紋。3. 劍璏： 造型一般為長條形，器體較戰國時期逐漸加寬增長， 裝飾手法也日益豐富，在平面上常琢滿各類規整細 緻的穀紋、雲紋、蒲紋等幾何形圖案，也有在一端 裝飾一獸面紋，甚至在整個平面上陰刻、浮雕、透 雕等技法呈現出一或二只蟠螭紋。4. 劍珌： 造型上，俯視兩端均呈橄欖形，與劍鞘末接觸的一 端多有穿孔，有的只有一個圓穿，有的在一條直線 上並列三個小孔，中間一孔略大且垂直，兩側的小 孔斜透，使之三孔相通。正視則呈梯形，中腰略收， 面上飾有各式圖案花紋，早期多為獸面紋和捲雲紋， 中晚期則常採用浮雕和透雕蟠螭及龍、鳳鳥等；有 時根據玉料本身，呈現出不規則的長方形、梯形， 隨物而琢，極富變化。