2nd century AD. A copper-alloy tinned fibula representing a gladiator of the secutor class, armed with a short dagger (sica), protected by a helmet (galea), and a curved rectangular shield (scutum), on the leg some stylisation of greaves (ocreae"). For similar fibula see Gorny & Mosch Auktionskatalog, 235 Kunst der Antike, am 16. Dezember 2015 in München bei Gorny & Mosch Giessener Münzhandlung GmbH am Maximiliansplatz, published on Nov 5, 2015, p.168, n. 342. 13.8 grams, 42mm (1 1/2"). Property of a private collector; acquired before 1975. The rounded helmet, with a smooth bowl and a crest (galea) prevented the secutor’s main adversary, the retiarius, from harming the secutor with his net. This helmet was generally made from iron or bronze, was very heavy and inside it had leather or wool padding to make the wearing more comfortable; a visor with small holes limited vision but protected the eyes. An imposing and concave shield (scutum) protected the combatant from the knee to the face, leaving the visor barely exposed; the upper part of the shield was rounded, without grips,also to protect the combatant from the retiarius’ net. The shins were exposed, protected by a metal greave over a wool bandage which also provided cushioning against blows. A sleeve usually made up of metal or leather scales / plates, which slightly limited movement , was placed on the gladiator's right arm, helping him to avoid injuries to the exposed arm. The secutor was armed with a small and manageable sword.